Postponing Taxes on a Roth IRA Conversion
Have you considered converting funds from your Traditional IRA into a Roth IRA? If you’re a regular reader, you’re aware that the income limits for Roth IRA conversions went away this year. What I haven’t talked about as much are the tax consequences of such conversions.
To make a long story short, you’ll have to pay taxes on any tax-deferred funds that you convert. This includes any pre-tax (i.e., tax-deductible) contributions that you’ve made as well as any earnings that your IRA investments have generated.
The catch is that the IRS will look at all of your IRAs (Traditional, SEP, and SIMPLE) as one big pot of money when determining taxable amounts. Thus, if you have a mix of deductible and non-deductible contributions, you can’t just cherry pick the dollars that would minimize your tax burden.
Example: You have a SEP-IRA with $5000 in tax deferred funds (deductible contributions + earnings) along with a Traditional IRA with $4000 in non-deductible contributions plus $1000 in earnings.
In this case, 40% of the holdings ($4k out of the $10k total) have already been taxed, so 40% of your conversion would be tax-free. This is true regardless of which account(s) the money actually comes from.
That’s the bad news. The good news is that, as long as you do the conversion in 2010, you have the option of deferring the tax burden until 2011 and 2012. If you do this, you will pay taxes on 50% of the conversion in 2011 and the remaining 50% in 2012.
Given that income tax rates are generally expected to increase in 2011 with the expiration of the Bush tax cuts at the end of this year, you’ll have to decide for yourself whether or not this is a good idea.
A couple of other considerations…
Do you have enough cash on hand to pay the taxes on the conversion? If you’re under 59.5 years of age and you use any of the cash that you take out of your to cover the tax burden, you’ll have to pay a 10% early distribution penalty. Not good.
Will booking the entire conversion during 2010 push you into a higher tax bracket? If so, then it might be better to wait even if income tax rates increase next year. Again, you’ll have to run the numbers and see what’s best in your specific case.
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Modified on January 9th, 2012 - One Comment
Filed under: Retirement, Saving & Investing, Taxes
About the author: Nickel is the founder and editor-in-chief of this site. He's a thirty-something family man who has been writing about personal finance since 2005, and guess what? He's on Twitter!
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July 30th, 2010 at 2:02 pm
Great point. I agree that the tax planning issue needs to be examined by each person (and their tax professional) to fit their needs – what makes sense to their budget and investment/savings style.
For me, if I would still have a good emergency fund if I paid the taxes now I would get it out of the way. The certainty of tax rates to pay now – and the uncertainty (or certainty of the increase…) of the tax treatment on anything I would do with the money in the meantime (dividends for example) – are the tie breakers (if the projected numbers are close). Keep it simple.